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One working definition of codivergence is “a process of parallel cladogenesis [when a species splits to become two or more species]; the speciation of one biological entity resulting in the speciation of those entities that are associated with it” (Charleston and Perkins). A simpler definition might be: when two closely associated species change (or evolve) together.
Codivergence and cospeciation are often used interchangeably. Some scientists consider codivergence to be the process where the associated populations separate into distinct groups, while cospeciation defines the point at which they have evolved independently to become separate species (Light and Hafner).
Figure 1 illustrates codivergence of viruses and plants. The heavy lines in this illustration represent host plant species, while the lighter lines running parallel to heavy lines represent viruses codiverging with the plants (click on the image for a larger view). It’s important to note that not all instances of species apparently evolving in a parallel fashion are the result of codivergence.
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