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San José, the largest city in Costa Rica, serves as the capital city as well as the political and commercial hub of the country. Located in the Central Valley near the Cordillera Central (Central Mountain Range), the densely-packed city consists of approximately one-third of the country's population as well as one of the largest airports in Central America: the Juan Santamaría International Airport. The city is a frequent stopover for travelers and according to Costa Rica Tourism, "Perhaps due to this status as a forced destination, San José has garnered unfair criticism from those expecting beaches, palm trees and tropical living." In contrast to the more tranquil, tropical landscapes in the surrounding regions, the city has much to offer and is worth exploring at least for a day to understand what makes it special.
Established in 1737, its mountainous location provided fertile land and the area quickly expanded due to the successful growth of both tobacco and coffee. By the end of the 18th century, the city had become extremely wealthy and visual symbols of its success were built in the form of parks, buildings and a large cathedral. After independence from Spain in 1821, several violent attempts to remove San José as the capital were unsuccessful and it has remained Costa Rica's capital every since.
Today, San José (affectionately known as Chepe by locals) consists of crowded streets, heavy traffic, and constant activity that is similar to other densely populated Central American cities. Although many of the city's former colonial structures have been destroyed by earthquakes, it still retains a certain charm as seen in its peaceful parks, brick-lined streets, historic museums, and grand theaters.